shm_open
SHM_OPEN(3) Linux Programmer’s Manual SHM_OPEN(3)
NAME
shm_open, shm_unlink - Create/open or unlink POSIX shared memory
objects
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
int shm_open(const char *name, int oflag, mode_t mode);
int shm_unlink(const char *name);
DESCRIPTION
shm_open creates and opens a new, or opens an existing, POSIX shared
memory object. A POSIX shared memory object is in effect a handle
which can be used by unrelated processes to mmap(2) the same region of
shared memory. The shm_unlink function performs the converse opera-
tion, removing an object previously created by shm_open.
The operation of shm_open is analogous to that of open(2). name spec-
ifies the shared memory object to be created or opened. For portable
use, name should have an initial slash (/) and contain no embedded
slashes.
oflag is a bit mask created by ORing together exactly one of O_RDONLY
or O_RWDR and any of the other flags listed here:
O_RDONLY Open the object for read access. A shared memory object
opened in this way can only be mmap(2)ed for read
(PROT_READ) access.
O_RDWR Open the object for read-write access.
O_CREAT Create the shared memory object if it does not exist. The
user and group ownership of the object are set as for
open(2), and the object’s permission bits are set according
to the low-order 9 bits of mode, except that those bits set
in the process file mode creation mask (see umask(2)) are
cleared for the new object. (A set of macro constants
which can be used to define mode is listed in open(2).)
A new shared memory object initially has zero length - the
size of the object can be set using ftruncate(2). (The
newly-allocated bytes of a shared memory object are auto-
matically initialised to 0.)
O_EXCL If O_CREAT was also specified, and a share memory object
with the given name already exists, return an error. The
check for the existence of the object, and its creation if
it does not exist, are performed atomically.
O_TRUNC If the shared memory object already exists, truncate it to
zero bytes.
On successful completion shm_open returns a new file descriptor refer-
ring to the shared memory object. This file descriptor is guaranteed
to be the lowest-numbered file descriptor not previously opened within
the process. The FD_CLOEXEC flag (see fcntl(2)) is set for the file
descriptor.
The file descriptor is normally used in subsequent calls to ftrun-
cate(2) (for a newly-created object) and mmap(2). After a call to
mmap(2) the file descriptor may be closed without affecting the memory
mapping.
The operation of shm_unlink is analogous to unlink(2): it removes a
shared memory object name, and, once all processes have unmapped the
object, de-allocates and destroys the contents of the associated mem-
ory region. After a successful shm_unlink, attempts to shm_open an
object with the same name will fail (unless O_CREAT was specified, in
which case a new, distinct object is created).
RETURN VALUE
On success, shm_open returns a non-negative file descriptor. On fail-
ure, shm_open returns -1. shm_unlink returns 0 on success, or -1 on
error.
ERRORS
On failure, errno is set to indicate the cause of the error. Values
which may appear in errno include the following:
EACCES Permission was denied to shm_open name in the specified mode,
or O_TRUNC was specified and the caller does not have write
permission on the object.
EACCES Permission to shm_unlink the shared memory object was denied.
EEXIST Both O_CREAT and O_EXCL were specified to shm_open and the
shared memory object specified by name already exists.
EINVAL The name argument to shm_open was invalid.
EMFILE The process already has the maximum number of files open.
ENAMETOOLONG
The length of name exceeds PATH_MAX.
ENFILE The limit on the total number of files open on the system has
been reached.
ENOENT An attempt was made to shm_open a name that did not exist, and
O_CREAT was not specified.
ENOENT An attempt was to made to shm_unlink a name that does not
exist.
NOTES
These functions are provided in glibc 2.2 and later. Programs using
these functions must specify the -lrt flag to cc in order to link
against the required ("realtime") library.
POSIX leaves the behavior of the combination of O_RDONLY and O_TRUNC
unspecified. On Linux, this will successfully truncate an existing
shared memory object - this may not be so on other Unices.
The POSIX shared memory object implementation on Linux 2.4 makes use
of a dedicated file system, which is normally mounted under /dev/shm.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX 1003.1 (2001).
SEE ALSO
mmap(2), open(2), close(2), ftruncate(2), fstat(2), fchown(2), fch-
mod(2), umask(2), fcntl(2)
Linux 2.4 2002-02-22 SHM_OPEN(3)
