groff_font
GROFF_FONT(5) GROFF_FONT(5)
NAME
groff_font - format of groff device and font description files
DESCRIPTION
The groff font format is roughly a superset of the ditroff font for-
mat. The font files for device name are stored in a directory dev-
name. There are two types of file: a device description file called
DESC and for each font F a font file called F. These are text files;
unlike the ditroff font format, there is no associated binary format.
DESC file format
The DESC file can contain the following types of line as shown below.
Later entries in the file override previous values.
charset
This line and everything following in the file are ignored. It
is allowed for the sake of backwards compatibility.
family fam
The default font family is fam.
fonts n F1 F2 F3...Fn
Fonts F1...Fn will be mounted in the font positions m+1,...,m+n
where m is the number of styles. This command may extend over
more than one line. A font name of 0 will cause no font to be
mounted on the corresponding font position.
hor n The horizontal resolution is n machine units.
paperheight n
The physical vertical dimension of the output medium in machine
units. This isn’t used by troff itself; currently, only grops
uses it.
paperwidth n
The physical horizontal dimension of the output medium in
machine units. This isn’t used by troff. Currently, only the
grolbp output device uses it.
papersize string
Select a paper size. Valid values for string are the ISO paper
types A0-A7, B0-B7, C0-C7, D0-D7, DL, and the US paper types
letter, legal, tabloid, ledger, statement, executive, com10,
and monarch. Case is not significant for string if it holds
predefined paper types. Alternatively, string can be a file
name (e.g. ‘/etc/papersize’); if the file can be opened, groff
reads the first line and tests for the above paper sizes.
Finally, string can be a custom paper size in the format
length,width (no spaces before and after the comma). Both
length and width must have a unit appended; valid values are
‘i’ for inches, ‘c’ for centimeters, ‘p’ for points, and ‘P’
for picas. Example: 12c,235p. An argument which starts with a
digit is always treated as a custom paper format. papersize
sets both the vertical and horizontal dimension of the output
medium.
More than one argument can be specified; groff scans from left
to right and uses the first valid paper specification.
pass_filenames
Make troff tell the driver the source file name being pro-
cessed. This is achieved by another tcommand: F filename.
postpro program
Use program as the postprocessor.
prepro program
Call program as a preprocessor.
print program
Use program as the spooler program for printing. If omitted,
the -l and -L options of groff are ignored.
res n There are n machine units per inch.
sizes s1 s2...sn 0
This means that the device has fonts at s1, s2,...sn scaled
points. The list of sizes must be terminated by a 0. Each si
can also be a range of sizes m-n. The list can extend over
more than one line.
sizescale n
The scale factor for pointsizes. By default this has a value
of 1. One scaled point is equal to one point/n. The arguments
to the unitwidth and sizes commands are given in scaled points.
styles S1 S2...Sm
The first m font positions will be associated with styles
S1...Sm.
tcommand
This means that the postprocessor can handle the t and u output
commands.
unitwidth n
Quantities in the font files are given in machine units for
fonts whose point size is n scaled points.
use_charnames_in_special
This command indicates that troff should encode named charac-
ters inside special commands.
vert n The vertical resolution is n machine units.
The res, unitwidth, fonts, and sizes lines are compulsory. Other com-
mands are ignored by troff but may be used by postprocessors to store
arbitrary information about the device in the DESC file.
Here a list of obsolete keywords which are recognized by groff but
completely ignored: spare1, spare2, biggestfont.
Font file format
A font file has two sections. The first section is a sequence of
lines each containing a sequence of blank delimited words; the first
word in the line is a key, and subsequent words give a value for that
key.
ligatures lig1 lig2...lign [0]
Characters lig1, lig2, ..., lign are ligatures; possible liga-
tures are ff, fi, fl, ffi and ffl. For backwards compatibil-
ity, the list of ligatures may be terminated with a 0. The
list of ligatures may not extend over more than one line.
name F The name of the font is F.
slant n
The characters of the font have a slant of n degrees. (Posi-
tive means forward.)
spacewidth n
The normal width of a space is n.
special
The font is special; this means that when a character is
requested that is not present in the current font, it will be
searched for in any special fonts that are mounted.
Other commands are ignored by troff but may be used by postprocessors
to store arbitrary information about the font in the font file.
The first section can contain comments which start with the # charac-
ter and extend to the end of a line.
The second section contains one or two subsections. It must contain a
charset subsection and it may also contain a kernpairs subsection.
These subsections can appear in any order. Each subsection starts
with a word on a line by itself.
The word charset starts the charset subsection. The charset line is
followed by a sequence of lines. Each line gives information for one
character. A line comprises a number of fields separated by blanks or
tabs. The format is
name metrics type code [entity_name] [-- comment]
name identifies the character: if name is a single character c then it
corresponds to the groff input character c; if it is of the form \c
where c is a single character, then it corresponds to the special
character \[c]; otherwise it corresponds to the groff input character
\[name]. If it is exactly two characters xx it can be entered as
\(xx. Note that single-letter special characters can’t be accessed as
\c; the only exception is ‘\-’ which is identical to ‘\[-]’. The name
--- is special and indicates that the character is unnamed; such char-
acters can only be used by means of the \N escape sequence in troff.
Groff supports eight-bit characters; however some utilities have dif-
ficulties with eight-bit characters. For this reason, there is a con-
vention that the name charn is equivalent to the single character
whose code is n. For example, char163 would be equivalent to the
character with code 163 which is the pounds sterling sign in ISO
Latin-1.
The type field gives the character type:
1 means the character has a descender, for example, p;
2 means the character has an ascender, for example, b;
3 means the character has both an ascender and a descender, for
example, (.
The code field gives the code which the postprocessor uses to print
the character. The character can also be input to groff using this
code by means of the \N escape sequence. The code can be any integer.
If it starts with a 0 it will be interpreted as octal; if it starts
with 0x or 0X it will be intepreted as hexadecimal. Note, however,
that the \N escape sequence only accepts a decimal integer.
The entity_name field gives an ascii string identifying the glyph
which the postprocessor uses to print the character. This field is
optional and has been introduced so that the html device driver can
encode its character set. For example, the character ‘\[Po]’ is rep-
resented as ‘£’ in html 4.0.
Anything on the line after the encoding field resp. after ‘--’ will be
ignored.
The metrics field has the form (in one line; it is broken here for the
sake of readability):
width[,height[,depth[,italic-correction
[,left-italic-correction[,subscript-correction]]]]]
There must not be any spaces between these subfields. Missing sub-
fields are assumed to be 0. The subfields are all decimal integers.
Since there is no associated binary format, these values are not
required to fit into a variable of type char as they are in ditroff.
The width subfields gives the width of the character. The height sub-
field gives the height of the character (upwards is positive); if a
character does not extend above the baseline, it should be given a
zero height, rather than a negative height. The depth subfield gives
the depth of the character, that is, the distance below the lowest
point below the baseline to which the character extends (downwards is
positive); if a character does not extend below above the baseline, it
should be given a zero depth, rather than a negative depth. The
italic-correction subfield gives the amount of space that should be
added after the character when it is immediately to be followed by a
character from a roman font. The left-italic-correction subfield
gives the amount of space that should be added before the character
when it is immediately to be preceded by a character from a roman
font. The subscript-correction gives the amount of space that should
be added after a character before adding a subscript. This should be
less than the italic correction.
A line in the charset section can also have the format
name "
This indicates that name is just another name for the character men-
tioned in the preceding line.
The word kernpairs starts the kernpairs section. This contains a
sequence of lines of the form:
c1 c2 n
This means that when character c1 appears next to character c2 the
space between them should be increased by n. Most entries in kern-
pairs section will have a negative value for n.
FILES
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/DESC
Device description file for device name.
/usr/share/groff/1.18.1.1/font/devname/F
Font file for font F of device name.
SEE ALSO
groff_out(5), troff(1).
Groff Version 1.18.1.1 12 September 2002 GROFF_FONT(5)
