gfdl
GFDL(1) GFDL(1)
NAME
GFDL - The GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place,
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get cred-
it for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifi-
cations made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft li-
cense designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free pro-
gram should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a no-
tice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under
the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such
manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is ad-
dressed as "you."
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifica-
tions and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the pub-
lishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part
a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical con-
nection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commer-
cial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the gener-
al public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file for-
mat whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
"Transparent" is called "Opaque."
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generat-
ed HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in for-
mats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the
text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding
the beginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commer-
cially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other con-
ditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use techni-
cal measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of
the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensa-
tion in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number
of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must en-
close the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover
Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly
identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must
present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent
and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legi-
bly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably)
on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distri-
bution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least
one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Docu-
ment.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title dis-
tinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
History section of the Document). You may use the same title
as a previous version if the original publisher of that version
gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or en-
tities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it
has less than five).
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modi-
fied Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications ad-
jacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license no-
tice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Ad-
dendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s li-
cense notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in the Docu-
ment, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publish-
er of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sen-
tence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previ-
ous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "His-
tory" section. You may omit a network location for a work that
was published at least four years before the Document itself,
or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives
permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
preserve the section’s title, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledge-
ments and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements." Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appen-
dices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various par-
ties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a stan-
dard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-
Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through ar-
rangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by ar-
rangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may
not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permis-
sion from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified ver-
sions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invari-
ant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list
them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and mul-
tiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but dif-
ferent contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sec-
tions in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled "His-
tory"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and
any sections entitled "Dedications." You must delete all sections en-
titled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other docu-
ments released under this License, and replace the individual copies
of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other re-
spects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and dis-
tribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy
of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License
in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Other-
wise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may dis-
tribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special per-
mission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations
of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions
of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this
License provided that you also include the original English version of
this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and
the original English version of this License, the original English
version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document ex-
cept as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this Li-
cense will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and li-
cense notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) [year] [your name]. Permission is granted to copy,
distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being [list
their titles], with the Front-Cover Texts being [list], and with the
Back-Cover Texts being [list]. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License."
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cov-
er Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts
being [list]"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we rec-
ommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.
4th Berkeley Distribution 2001 April 23 GFDL(1)
